What Is Lipoprotein(a) And Why Is It Important?

Medically approved by Dr Tim Trodd

Family Medicine, Functional Medicine, General Practice

June 13, 2025

What Is Lipoprotein(a) and Its Function?

Lipoprotein(a), abbreviated as Lp(a), is a particle found in the blood. It is similar to low-density lipoprotein (LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol"), but it has an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a) attached to it. Lp(a) levels are determined by genetics and remain relatively stable throughout a person's life.

The Health Risks of High Lipoprotein(a)

High Lp(a) is recognised as an independent and likely causal risk marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and premature cardiovascular events (such as heart attacks and angina). The risk associated with high Lp(a) is observed across various populations (e.g., South Asians, Caucasians) and in specific groups such as patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and type 2 diabetes. The proatherogenic, prothrombotic, and proinflammatory effects of Lp(a) contribute to disease by promoting plaque formation in arteries, increasing the tendency for blood clotting, and driving inflammation in blood vessels.

Why Screening for Lipoprotein(a) Is Essential

Because Lp(a) is a genetic risk factor, measurement for screening is recommended, especially in individuals with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or unexplained high cholesterol. Currently, there are limited options for lowering Lp(a) levels. However, new drugs are in clinical trials and show promise for more effective reduction. Therefore, it is particularly important that people with raised Lp(a) pay attention to other cardiovascular risk factors.

The Role of Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Health

Lipoprotein(a) is an important, genetically determined blood marker that significantly increases the risk of a range of cardiovascular diseases, independent of other cholesterol measures. Its recognition as a major risk factor has led to increased focus on screening and the development of targeted therapies.