Can Breast Fibroadenomas Disappear?

Breast fibroadenomas are among the most common benign breast tumours affecting women, typically occurring in those aged 15 to 35. While finding a lump in the breast can be worrying, fibroadenomas are usually harmless and rarely develop into malignant tumours. But how do fibroadenomas form? What are their characteristics and types? Can they disappear on their own? How should they be managed?

This article provides essential information to give you the confidence to address any breast health concern effectively.

What Is a Breast Fibroadenoma?

A breast fibroadenoma is a benign tumour formed by an overgrowth of glandular and connective tissues in the breast. Most fibroadenomas do not progress to breast cancer. Globally, 1 in 10 women (reported incidence of 7-13% in women from adolescence to mid-20s) is estimated to develop a fibroadenoma. These tumours are most common in women under 30, especially adolescent females, and are less frequently seen in postmenopausal women.

Characteristics of Breast Fibroadenomas

Round or oval shape
Smooth, firm, and rubbery texture
Easily movable under the skin
Well-defined borders
Usually painless or only slightly uncomfortable
Variable in size, generally between 2–3 cm

Types of Breast Fibroadenomas

Simple Fibroadenomas: The most common type, usually small (1–3 cm), and not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Microscopically, the tissue is uniform and regular.
Complex Fibroadenomas: More common in women aged 35 and older. These are larger and may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer. Microscopic examination shows irregular cells, and mammograms may reveal calcification or breast cysts.
Giant Fibroadenomas: Larger than 5 cm, often occurring during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Juvenile Fibroadenomas: Found in children and adolescents aged 10–18.
Multiple Fibroadenomas: When more than one fibroadenoma is present in the breast.

What Causes Breast Fibroadenomas?

The exact cause of fibroadenomas remains uncertain, but hormonal fluctuations play a significant role.

1. Oestrogen Influence

Higher oestrogen levels, such as during pregnancy or hormone therapy, may stimulate fibroadenoma growth. In contrast, lower oestrogen levels post-menopause can cause fibroadenomas to shrink or disappear.

2. Genetic Mutations

Up to 60% of fibroadenomas are found to carry MED12 gene mutations.

How to Detect Breast Fibroadenomas

If you notice a lump in your breast, consult your family doctor. Small fibroadenomas may not be detectable by touch alone, so your doctor may recommend imaging tests such as mammograms or ultrasounds. If necessary, a fine-needle biopsy may be performed to analyse the fibroadenoma sample.

At OT&P Healthcare, we offer comprehensive women’s health services, including gynaecological and breast examinations. Contact us to learn more.

How Are Breast Fibroadenomas Managed?

1. Regular Monitoring

Most fibroadenomas do not require treatment. If a biopsy confirms that the fibroadenoma is benign, your doctor may suggest periodic monitoring.

Follow-up appointments in 3–6 months to check for any changes in the lump’s size or shape
Monitoring may include clinical breast exams, ultrasounds, or mammograms

Contact your doctor if you notice any of the following:

Pain associated with an existing lump
A new lump in your breast
Changes in size or shape of an existing lump
Nipple discharge or skin rash

2. Surgical Removal

While most fibroadenomas do not require surgery, removal may be considered in the following cases:

Complex or giant fibroadenomas
Persistent growth or a size exceeding 2 cm
Discomfort or pain caused by the fibroadenoma
Imaging or biopsy results remain uncertain
Patient preference

Surgical options of breast fibroadenomas include:

Lumpectomy or Excisional Biopsy: A common procedure where the fibroadenoma is removed and sent for laboratory analysis.
Vacuum-Assisted Excision: A minimally invasive procedure for smaller fibroadenomas. A small incision is made, and the tumour is removed with a ultrasound-guided vacuum probe, which may cause post-procedure bruising or discomfort.
Cryoablation: A less common method where a cryoprobe freezes and destroys the fibroadenoma. A core tissue for biopsy is taken prior to cryoablation proper.

FAQs About Breast Fibroadenomas

1. Who Is Most at Risk of Developing Breast Fibroadenomas?

Young women aged 15–35 and Black women are more likely to develop breast fibroadenomas.

2. Will Surgery Affect the Appearance of My Breast?

In most cases, breast fibroadenoma removal does not impact breast shape, though a slight indentation may remain at the surgical site. Incisional scars may also be slightly or apparently evident depending on the patient’s susceptibility.

3. Can Breast Fibroadenomas Disappear on Their Own?

Yes, breast fibroadenomas can shrink or disappear naturally, especially during or after menopause.

4. What Happens If Breast Fibroadenomas Are Left Untreated?

Although breast fibroadenomas are benign and not life-threatening, untreated fibroadenomas may grow, alter breast appearance, or cause discomfort. However, complex fibroadenomas may increase future risk of developing breast cancer, especially among patients with a significant family history of breast cancer.

5. Can Fibroadenomas Be Prevented?

Since the exact causes of breast fibroadenomas remain unclear, there are no specific prevention methods. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and undergoing regular check-ups are beneficial and can help reduce the risk of developing breast cancer.

Perform regular breast self-examinations
Schedule annual clinical breast exams
Exercise regularly
Quit smoking
Limit alcohol consumption or drink in moderation
Maintain a healthy weight

Regular Breast Health Checks

Breast fibroadenomas are common, overwhelmingly benign, and may naturally shrink or disappear, particularly after menopause. Regular check-ups are essential for maintaining breast health.

If you need a breast health assessment or consultation, please feel free to contact us. Our professional healthcare team will provide a comprehensive evaluation and personalised recommendations.