CA 125 (Female only)

CA 125, or cancer antigen 125, is a protein that is often used as a tumour marker to help evaluate certain conditions in women, particularly ovarian cancer. This glycoprotein is found at elevated levels in the blood of many women with ovarian cancer, making it a valuable tool for healthcare providers in the diagnosis and management of this condition. 

While CA 125 is most commonly associated with ovarian cancer, it is important to note that elevated levels can also occur in various benign conditions, such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and even during menstruation. Additionally, other cancers, including uterine, breast, and colorectal cancer, can also lead to increased CA 125 levels. This variability underscores the importance of interpreting CA 125 results in the context of a woman's overall health, medical history, and additional diagnostic tests. 

CA 125 is particularly useful for monitoring the progress of treatment in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and in screening for suspected ovarian neoplasm in postmenopausal women. After surgery or chemotherapy, a decrease in CA 125 levels can indicate a positive response to treatment, while rising levels may suggest disease recurrence or progression. However, CA 125 is not a definitive screening or diagnostic tool for ovarian cancer, and its levels can vary widely among individuals. 

For women at higher risk for ovarian cancer, such as those with a family history or genetic predisposition (e.g., BRCA mutations), discussing the role of CA 125 testing with a healthcare provider can be beneficial. While it is not used for routine screening, it may be part of a comprehensive approach to monitoring health and identifying potential issues early. 

In conclusion, CA 125 serves as an important marker in women's health, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer diagnosis and management. By understanding the significance and limitations of CA 125 testing, women can engage in informed discussions with their healthcare providers, leading to better health outcomes and proactive health management. Regular check-ups and open communication with healthcare professionals are essential for maintaining overall well-being and addressing concerns related to women's health.