Metoprolol

Overview

What is Metoprolol? 

Metoprolol is a beta-adrenergic blocker used to treat high blood pressure, angina and other heart conditions. 

Metoprolol contains metoprolol tartrate or Metoprolol succinate as the active ingredient, depending on the formulation. The medication may also include inactive ingredients that help form the tablet. 

Metoprolol is a synthetic beta-1-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic receptor blocking agent (antagonist). It is manufactured through chemical synthesis in pharmaceutical labs. 

Global Name

Generic name:  Metoprolol (as tartrate or succinate salt) 
Brand names: Lopressor (Metoprolol tartrate), Toprol-XL (Metoprolol succinate), Betaloc,  Seloken

Usage

What is Metoprolol used for? 

Metoprolol is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), angina (chest pain), heart rhythm disorders, and to improve survival after a heart attack. 

How do you use Metoprolol? 

Availability:

Metoprolol is available as immediate-release tablets (Metoprolol tartrate), extended-release tablets (Metoprolol succinate) and as injectable solutions. 

Dosage information: 

• For hypertension: Initial dose of 100 mg daily in single or divided doses for tartrate; 25 to 100 mg once daily for succinate. 
• For angina: 100-200 mg per day in divided doses for tartrate; 100 mg once daily for succinate. 
• After a heart attack: 25-50 mg every 6-12 hours for tartrate; 200 mg once daily for succinate. 

Suitability: 

• Children: Not typically prescribed. 
• Adults: Yes. 
• Elderlies: Yes, with close monitoring due to increased sensitivity. 

Is there anyone who can’t take Metoprolol? 

• Children: Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established. 
• Adults: Should not be used by those with sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, or severe heart failure. 
• Elderlies: Should be used with caution, considering the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function. 
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Should be used only if clearly needed and after a risk/benefit assessment with a medical professional (FDA Category C). 
• Allergy to metoprolol or any other components of the drug. 

Any warnings and precautions : 

Patients should be carefully monitored when making any adjustments to dosage. Avoid abrupt withdrawal which can exacerbate angina and, in some cases, lead to myocardial infarction. 

Drug Interactions: 

Metoprolol should not be combined with other medications that affect heart rate and rhythm without medical advice. It can interact with antidepressants, other blood pressure medications, and certain anesthetics and produce adverse effects. 

Side Effects

Common side effects may include tiredness, dizziness, depression, shortness of breath, bradycardia, and gastrointestinal issues. 

Pharmacist Tips

• Understanding Medication: Know the difference between Metoprolol tartrate and succinate. Tartrate is taken more frequently, while succinate is taken once daily. 
• Blood Pressure Monitoring: Keep a log of your blood pressure readings to share with your healthcare provider. 
• Medication Timing: Take Metoprolol at the same time each day to maintain an even level in your blood. 
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Along with medication, lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and stress management can improve your cardiovascular health.  
• Do Not Stop Suddenly: Do not stop taking Metoprolol abruptly, as this can worsen your condition. Taper off under medical supervision if necessary. 

• Storage: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. 
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. 
• Overdose: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call emergency services. 

Availability

Where is Metoprolol available in Hong Kong?

Metoprolol is a prescription medication that can be prescribed by healthcare providers and then bought in pharmacies. 

FAQs

Can I take Metoprolol with food?

Yes, taking Metoprolol with food can reduce the risk of stomach upset. 

Does Metoprolol affect sleep?

Some people may experience trouble sleeping with metoprolol use.

Is Metoprolol available as over-the-counter medication?

No, a prescription is needed to procure metoprolol. 

How long does Metoprolol stay in your system?

The half-life of Metoprolol, which refers to the time it takes for half of the medication to be eliminated from the body, is typically around 3 to 7 hours. However, it's important to note that the complete elimination of a drug from the body can take multiple half-lives.