Meniscus

The meniscus is pivotal in knee health, functioning as a shock absorber between the thigh and shin bones. However, when the meniscus is compromised through injury or degeneration, it can lead to pain, mobility issues, and long-term knee problems.  

Understanding the Meniscus    

The meniscus (from the Greek word mēniskos meaning “crescent”) is a C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that serve as cushion in our knee joint. Each knee has two menisci, which help distribute weight evenly across the joint. Unfortunately, this critical component of the knee can easily be injured and torn. 

Causes of Meniscus Tears    

A meniscus tear can occur during activities that cause direct contact or pressure from a forced twist or sudden rotation of the knee. Common causes include: 

• Sports Injuries: Sudden pivots or turns, deep squatting, or heavy lifting can result in a torn meniscus, especially in sports like football/soccer, basketball, and rugby. 

• Ageing Process: The meniscus can become worn as we age, making it more susceptible to tears even from simple actions like standing up too quickly. 

• Traumatic Impact: A forceful hit or severe knee bending can cause a meniscus tear during accidents or falls. 

Symptoms of a Torn Meniscus 

Recognising the symptoms of a torn meniscus is essential for timely intervention. Symptoms may include: 

• A popping sensation at the time of injury. 

• Pain, especially when twisting or rotating the knee. 

• Swelling or stiffness in the knee. 

• Difficulty bending and straightening the leg fully. 

• A sensation of the knee feeling "locked" or giving way. 

Diagnosing a Meniscus Tear  

If you suspect a torn meniscus, seek medical attention from a doctor who will perform a physical examination and recommend imageing tests, such as an MRI, to confirm the diagnosis. 

Prevention Methods

While not all meniscus tears can be prevented, certain strategies can reduce the risk: 

• Strengthening Exercises: Engage in exercises that strengthen the muscles around the knee, improving stability and support. 

• Proper Technique: Use proper form when exercising or lifting heavy objects to minimise stress on the knee. 

• Adequate Warm-up: Always warm up before physical activity to prepare the knee joints. 

• Appropriate Footwear: Wear shoes that offer good support and fit well to avoid unnecessary twisting of the knees. 

• Adequate Hydration: An essential element for all bodily functions especially during times of high/strenuous physical activity or enviromental stress (such as during summer) 

• Adequate Rest: Allow for supporting muscles, tendon and ligaments of the knee enough recovery time for self-repair of miniscule/micro tears (that are not overtly evident!) especially after high level/strenuous physical activity.
   

Treatment Options  

Treatment for a meniscus tear depends on its size, location, severity and patient's age and activity level. The treatment options include: 

• Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (RICE): This conservative approach can help alleviate pain and swelling. 

• Physiotherapy: Strengthening and flexibility exercises can help restore function to the knee. 

• Medications: Pain relievers can reduce pain and inflammation. 

• Meniscus Tear Surgery: For severe tears, surgery may be necessary. Meniscus tear surgery aims to repair or trim the damaged cartilage. 

Meniscus Tear Surgery  

When conservative treatments are not effective, meniscus tear surgery may be considered. The surgery is meniscectomy, where the damaged meniscus tissue is trimmed away, and meniscus repair, which involves stitching the torn pieces together. 

Recovery and Rehabilitation   

Post-surgery rehabilitation is critical for a successful outcome. Physiotherapy is usually required to regain strength and mobility in the knee. Recovery time can vary based on the individual and the extent of the surgery performed. 

The meniscus is vital for knee health and mobility, and understanding how to care for it is key in preventing injuries like a torn meniscus. If you are experiencing knee pain or suspect a meniscus injury, seeking prompt medical advice from a physiotherapist is important. At OT&P Healthcare, we offer a range of treatment options, including meniscus tear surgery, tailored to your specific needs.