Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is a protein that plays a significant role in the growth and development of certain types of breast cancer. HER2-positive breast cancer is characterised by the overexpression of the HER2 protein, which can lead to aggressive tumour growth and a challenging prognosis. This article delves into what HER2-positive means, its implications for breast cancer treatment, and the latest advancements in targeted therapies.
HER2-positive breast cancer is not just a category or type; it's a specific diagnostic add-on that influences treatment decisions and outcomes. In normal cells, HER2 regulates cell growth. However, in HER2-positive breast cancers, an overexpression of the HER2 gene leads to excessive reproduction of the receptor on the cell surface. This results in rapid and uncontrolled cell division and growth of the tumour.
The determination of HER2 status is crucial in the management of breast cancer and is typically assessed using one of two tests:
A positive result on either of these tests indicates that HER2 plays a role in the cancer’s development, influencing the treatment strategy.
Treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer has evolved significantly over the past two decades, primarily due to the development of targeted (also called biological) therapies. These treatments specifically attack the HER2 protein, helping to block the growth and spread of cancer cells.
Recent years have seen significant advancements in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Novel therapies and drug combinations are continually being developed and tested, offering new hope for patients. For instance, newer drugs like Neratinib (Nerlynx) have been approved for extended adjuvant treatment, which is used after initial treatments to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
The treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer underscores the importance of personalised medicine in oncology. By understanding the specific characteristics of cancer, treatments can be tailored to target the tumour effectively, improving outcomes and reducing side effects.
HER2-positive breast cancer, while aggressive, has become increasingly manageable thanks to the evolution of targeted therapies and personalised treatment plans. Ongoing research and clinical trials continue to refine and develop treatments, aiming to improve patients' survival rates and quality of life. For patients with this diagnosis, staying informed about the latest treatment options and participating in clinical trials can offer additional disease management opportunities.
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